VITAMINS

Vitamins are bioregolators of great importance as they preside, together with hormones, the carrying out of all physiological processes both directly and indirectly through enzymatic mechanisms. On the basis of solubility they are classified in liposoluble (stored in the liver, they represent a reserve for the organism), which dissolve in fats and in apolar solvents and water-soluble (they are not accumulated in the organism, it is therefore essential to introduce them daily through the diet) which dissolve in polar solvents, like for example water. All vitamins are responsible for specific tasks, and their deficiency can cause malfunction and / or dysfunction in the body.

• VITAMINS – Vitamins are bioregolators of great importance as they preside, together with hormones, the carrying out of all physiological processes both directly and indirectly through enzymatic mechanisms. On the basis of solubility they are classified in liposoluble (stored in the liver, they represent a reserve for the organism), which dissolve in fats and in apolar solvents and water-soluble (they are not accumulated in the organism, it is therefore essential to introduce them daily through the diet) which dissolve in polar solvents, like for example water. All vitamins are responsible for specific tasks, and their deficiency can cause malfunction and / or dysfunction in the body.
   
• Vitamin A (retinol) – fat-soluble vitamin that plays a very important role in vision, bone growth and the maintenance of the regular functions of the immune system. Another function performed by this vitamin is the epithelial-protective one; useful activity especially for the mucus secreting tissues of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems. Vitamin A is mainly found in foods of animal origin, such as liver and spleen, milk and derivatives and eggs, but is also present in fish and plant sources.
• Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays its role in the regulatory mechanism of calcium homeostasis, it is important for skeletal development and bone mineralization. It intervenes in the intestine, in favor of the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and contributes to their normal use.
   
• Vitamin E – fat-soluble vitamin (α-tocopherol) with antioxidant activity. It is very common in the plant world, especially in the germs of cereals and related oils and in the green parts of all plants. It has the fundamental role of physiological antioxidant of the cell.
   
• Vitamins of group B (B1 B2 B6 B12) (thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, cobalamin) – are a group of water-soluble vitamins consisting of at least 15 elements and which, despite the heterogeneity of their molecular structure, have in common the presence of nitrogen in their molecular structure and perform coenzymatic function. They participate in the most significant stages of intermediate metabolism as coenzymes: that is, they are combined with specific principles of a protein nature, intervening in the most varied reactions of metabolism; they are essential substances for normal energy metabolism.
   
• Vitamin B1 – (thiamine) It is widespread in many green vegetable tissues and in many cereals such as whole oats, whole barley, rice husks. It mainly intervenes in the intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates, stimulates the digestive function.
   
• Vitamin B2 – (riboflavin) It is widespread in the plant world, animal tissues and products of animal origin (milk, eggs and fish meal) are even richer. It regulates, together with other substances, the processes of cellular respiration, it is essential for growth, for visual function and for the optimal functioning of the nervous system. Furthermore, vitamin B2 has an antioxidant action.
   
• Vitamin B6 – pyridoxine, very common in food, especially in wheat bran, in the by-products of milling, in animal flours and seed germs; before being used by the organism it is converted into pyridoxal and pyridoxamine, fundamental constituents of two coenzymes. It is also called adermine, as it has a trophic action on the skin and also has a beneficial effect on the immune system.
   
• Vitamin B12 – (cobalamin) absent in plants, is contained in various foods of animal origin (in liver extracts), fish meal, meat meal and whey and is part of the APF complex (animal protein factor). It is the most important vitamin, essential for growth and for hematopoiesis; it is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids by intervening in protein metabolism. Vitamin B12 also helps keep the immune system healthy.
   
• Vitamin C – (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin widely found in green vegetables, citrus fruits and germinating seeds and is characterized by a powerful antioxidant activity, thus making it capable of protecting plasma lipids, DNA and proteins from oxidative damage. It is a thermolabile vitamin and also intervenes in the production of collagen It also has a trophic activity on the capillaries and also exerts a beneficial action on the immune system.
   
• NIACIN a vitamin widespread in grasses, hays, brans, flours, etc…, intervenes in the transmission of nerve impulses at the level of the synapses between neurons, contributing to the normal functioning of the nervous system. In addition, niacin also acts on normal energy metabolism and also contributes to the maintenance of healthy skin.
   
• BIOTIN AND CALCIUM D-PANTOTENATE – are water-soluble vitamins found in egg yolk, milk and liver. Biotin is important in the energy metabolism and in the metabolism of macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins) and also has a trophic action on the skin, while pantothenic acid intervenes in the synthesis of some neurotransmitters with consequent action to support the functions of the nervous system.

MICRO ELEMENTS

The microelements are devoid of energy, but are essential for animal nutrition; however, they cannot be synthesized (unlike other nutritional principles) by the animal and therefore must necessarily be taken through the common diet in sufficient quantities to meet the animal’s needs. They are protective principles as they play a preponderant role in the control of animal metabolism as constituents of the prosteic group of numerous enzymes. Furthermore, some of them perform functions of enzyme activators and enter the genesis of hormones and vitamins.

• Iron sulfate heptahydrate – iron is one of the most important trace elements of animal organisms. About 60-70% of this mineral is contained in hemoglobin, but fair amounts are also contained in myoglobin and in the reserve organs such as the liver, spleen and bone marrow. Its absorption occurs almost entirely in the duodenum; in the intestinal epithelium it is combined with a protein structure forming a chromoprotein called ferritin. Iron is linked to the transport of oxygen, becoming part of hemoglobin (heme) and, again as heme, it acts as an enzymatic cofactor of cytochromes.
   
• Selenium – selenium is an essential mineral with antioxidant action, thus helping to counteract the action of free radicals
   
• L-Carnitine – an essential compound for the transport of fatty acids across membranes, therefore it performs its function as an energy carrier.
   
• Spirulina (Spirulina maxima) powder – Due to its richness in basic minerals, spirulina is one of the alkaline foods, helping to restore the acid-base balance of the tissues. In addition, rich in vegetable proteins.
   
• Rosa Canina (powder) – Small fruits (berries) are considered the “natural sources” of Vitamin C and for this reason this plant contributes to the strengthening of the body’s natural defenses and also exerts an antioxidant action.
   
• Astragalus membranaceus L. (root, dry extract) Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) is known for its tonic-adaptogenic properties or for its ability to support in a non-specific way the resistance and defenses of the organism to stress factors of various nature both physical and mental. The roots of astragalus contain triterpene saponins, flavonoids, pyogenic amines and polysaccharides. In particular, polysaccharides stimulate the immune system, strengthening the body’s natural defense mechanisms. The saponin content, present in the phytocomplex, gives the plant hepatoprotective action.